{"id":16928,"date":"2021-06-14T17:37:20","date_gmt":"2021-06-14T15:37:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orleans-metropole.prep.faire-savoir.eu\/la-grande-histoire-dorleans\/"},"modified":"2021-12-23T12:20:26","modified_gmt":"2021-12-23T11:20:26","slug":"the-grand-old-history-of-orleans","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/orleans-metropole.prep.faire-savoir.eu\/en\/visit-orleans-get-inspired\/heritage-and-culture\/the-grand-old-history-of-orleans\/","title":{"rendered":"The grand old history of Orleans"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Antiquity<\/h2>

The site of Orleans has been occupied since ancient times<\/strong>. Cenabum, the name of the settlement<\/strong> founded at this crossing point of the Loire<\/strong>, became a well-known and prosperous city on the north bank of the river protected from flooding.<\/p>

Later conquered by Caesar<\/strong>, Orleans was named Aurelianum in 4 AD.<\/p>

The ruins of Gallo-Roman ramparts<\/strong> on Rue Paul Belmondo on the north side of Sainte-Croix Cathedral are vestiges from this period.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The Middle Ages<\/h2>

Orleans<\/strong> played a pivotal role in the kingdom<\/strong> both politically and economically.<\/p>

During Clovis\u2019 reign, Orleans was the centre of one of the four kingdoms<\/strong> in Frankish territory.<\/p>

The more strategically positioned Paris became the clear choice for capital of the kingdom in the 7th century. Orleans, at the crossroads of well-travelled trade routes on land and water<\/strong>, nonetheless continued to prosper and its wine industry thrived<\/strong>.<\/p>

In the 14th century, the city became home to one of most prestigious universities<\/strong> whose illustrious students included reformist Jean Calvin<\/strong>.<\/p>

Orleans was also the theatre of war<\/strong> for the watershed siege of the Hundred Years\u2019 War<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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The siege of Orleans<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div>

A long series of clashes between England and France over succession to the French throne coinciding with civil wars, the Hundred Years\u2019 War<\/strong> reached its peak between 1411 and 1435.<\/p>

The financially and militarily drained adversaries faced off around Orleans against a confusing political backdrop.<\/p>

The arrival of Joan of Arc in 1429 <\/strong>boosted morale among French troops who succeeded in forcing the English to withdraw from Orleans<\/strong> after a 7-month siege.<\/p>

Charles VII was then crowned in Reims<\/strong> and led the campaign to retake Paris despite the setback of the capture<\/strong> (May 1430) and execution<\/strong> (May 1431) of Joan of Arc<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Orleans’ golden age<\/h2>

In the 16th century, Orleans<\/strong> was one of the centres of the Reformation in France<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/p>

The city\u2019s prestigious university<\/strong> attracted many humanists such as Erasmus<\/strong> who promoted Latin and Greek culture and new ideas among the urban elite. At the same time, German students brought Martin Luther\u2019s Theses to Orleans<\/strong> where they increasingly garnered support.<\/p>

By the mid-16th century, Orleans was a key city for the Reformation in France.<\/p>

The failure of the Estates General<\/strong> (a legislative and consultative assembly of the different classes of French subjects) held in Orleans<\/strong> in 1560-1561, during which King Francis II of France died, marked the start of the civil war<\/strong>. Orleans suffered greatly during the French Wars of Religion.<\/strong><\/p>

During Orleans\u2019 \u2018golden age\u2019<\/strong>, the city prospered<\/strong> thanks to its geographical location<\/strong>, its close proximity to the Loire<\/strong> and the peace<\/strong> that was established in France in the early 18th century.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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From 19th century industrial and military city to a revival in the 20th and 21st centuries<\/h2>

The rise of Orleans\u2019 industrial activities and military importance<\/strong> drove the city\u2019s development in the 19th century<\/strong>.<\/p>

By the next century<\/strong>, however, the city would be forever changed<\/strong>.<\/p>

Orleans was severely impacted by the Second World War<\/strong>. The city was heavily bombed<\/strong> during the Liberation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Orleans, regional capital<\/h2><\/div><\/div>

The city has looked to its prosperous past to develop economically, culturally and academically<\/strong> while preserving the quality of life<\/strong> it is known for.<\/p>

The Loire Valley became listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site<\/strong> in 2000, further recognition for the city.<\/p>

Orleans has consolidated its role as the regional capital<\/strong> and is asserting its position as a leading metropolitan areas to balance out the dominance of Paris<\/strong>. It was awarded the status of m\u00e9tropole<\/strong> (the most integrated form of cooperation between towns in a region) on 1 May 2017.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Antiquity The site of Orleans has been occupied since ancient times. Cenabum, the name of the settlement founded at this crossing point of the Loire, became a well-known and prosperous city on the north bank of the river protected from flooding. Later conquered by Caesar, Orleans was named Aurelianum in 4 AD. The ruins of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":13015,"parent":16964,"menu_order":88,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/edito.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-16928","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe grand old history of Orleans - Orl\u00e9ans Val de Loire Tourisme<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover Orleans and its history: the history that has shaped today's city with its exceptional built heritage, the epic of Joan of Arc...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/orleans-metropole.prep.faire-savoir.eu\/en\/visit-orleans-get-inspired\/heritage-and-culture\/the-grand-old-history-of-orleans\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The grand old history of Orleans - 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